| alveolar nasal | |
|---|---|
| Symbol (font) | [ɶ#ii0;] |
| Symbol (image) | File:Xsampa-n.png |
| IPA–number | 116 |
| Entity (decimal) | n |
| Unicode (hex) | U+006E |
| X-SAMPA | n |
| Kirshenbaum | n |
| Sound sample | |
The alveolar nasal is a type of consonantal sound used in numerous spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents dental, alveolar, and postalveolar nasals is [n], and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is n.
The vast majority of languages have either an alveolar or dental nasal. There are a few languages that lack either sound but have m (e.g., Samoan). There are some languages (e.g., Rotokas) that lack both m and n.
Features[]
Features of the alveolar nasal:
- Its manner of articulation is stop, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. Since the consonant is also nasal, the blocked airflow is redirected through the nose.
- Its place of articulation is alveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge, termed respectively apical and laminal (the apical articulation is common in languages such as English, while the laminal articulation is common in, for example, the Romance languages).
- Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
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- Because the sound is not produced with airflow over the tongue, the central/lateral dichotomy does not apply.
- The airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds.
Occurrence[]
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Armenian | նուռ | nur.ogg [[:Media:nur.ogg |nuɾ]] (help·info) | 'pomegranate' | ||
| Catalan[1] | innecessari | innəsəˈsaɾi | 'unnecessary' | See Catalan phonology | |
| Chinese | Mandarin | 難/nán | nan˧˥ | 'difficult' | See Mandarin phonology |
| Czech | na | na | 'on' | See Czech phonology | |
| Dutch[2] | nacht | nɑxt | 'night' | See Dutch phonology | |
| English | nice | naɪs | 'nice' | See English phonology | |
| Finnish | annan | ɑnːɑn | 'I give' | See Finnish phonology | |
| French | nous | nu | 'we' | See French phonology | |
| Georgian[3] | კანი | ˈkʼɑni | 'skin' | ||
| German | Lanze | ˈlant͡sə | 'lance' | See German phonology | |
| Greek | νάμα/náma | ˈnama | 'communion wine' | See Modern Greek phonology | |
| Hawaiian[4] | naka | naka | 'to shake' | See Hawaiian phonology | |
| Hindi | नया | nəjaː | 'new' | See Hindi-Urdu phonology | |
| Hungarian | nagyi | nɒɟi | 'grandma' | See Hungarian phonology | |
| Italian[5] | nano | ˈnano | 'dwarf' | See Italian phonology | |
| Japanese[6] | 反対/hantai | hantai | 'opposite' | See Japanese phonology | |
| Korean | 나/na | na | 'I' | See Korean phonology | |
| Malay | nasi | nasi | 'cooked rice' | ||
| Malayalam[7] | കന്നി | kənni | 'virgin' | ||
| Maltese | lenbuba | lenbuˈba | 'truncheon' | ||
| Ngwe | Mmockngie dialect | nøɣə̀ | 'sun' | ||
| Norwegian | mann | mɑnː | 'man' | See Norwegian phonology | |
| Pirahã | gíxai | níˈʔàì̯ | 'you' | ||
| Slovak | na | na | 'on' | ||
| Spanish[8] | nada | ˈnað̞a | 'nothing' | See Spanish phonology | |
| Tamil[9] | நாடு | naːɽɯ | 'country' | See Tamil phonology | |
| Tsez | лъоIно | ˈɬo̞ˤno̞ | 'three' | ||
| Turkish | neden | ned̪en | 'reason' | See Turkish phonology | |
| Vietnamese[10] | bạn đi | ɓan˧ˀ˨ʔ ɗi | 'you're going' | Occurs only before alveolar consonants. See Vietnamese phonology | |
| Yi | ꆅ/na | na˧ | 'hurt' | ||
| Zapotec | Tilquiapan[11] | nanɨɨ | nanɨˀɨ | 'lady' | contrasts with a fortis alveolar nasal that is not represented in the orthography. |
See also[]
- List of phonetic topics
References[]
- ↑ Carbonell & Llisterri (1992:53)
- ↑ Gussenhoven (1992:45)
- ↑ Shosted & Chikovani (2006:255)
- ↑ Ladefoged (2005:139)
- ↑ Rogers & d'Arcangeli (2004:117)
- ↑ Okada (1991:94)
- ↑ Ladefoged (2005:165)
- ↑ Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003:255)
- ↑ Keane (2004:111)
- ↑ Thompson (1959:458-461)
- ↑ Merrill (2008:108)
Bibliography[]
- Carbonell, Joan F.; Llisterri, Joaquim (1992), "Catalan", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 22 (1-2): 53–56, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004618
- Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena (1995), "European Portuguese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 25 (2): 90–94, doi:10.1017/S0025100300005223
- Gussenhoven, Carlos (1992), "Dutch", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 22 (2): 45–47, doi:10.1017/S002510030000459X
- Keane, Elinor (2004), "Tamil", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 34 (1): 111–116, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001549
- Ladefoged, Peter (2005), Vowels and Consonants (Second ed.), Blackwell
- Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma.; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003), "Castilian Spanish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33 (2): 255–259, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001373
- Merrill, Elizabeth (2008), "Tilquipan Zapotec", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 38 (1): 107–114
- Okada, Hideo (1991), "Phonetic Representation:Japanese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 21 (2): 94–97
- Rogers, Derek; d'Arcangeli, Luciana (2004), "Italian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 34 (1): 117–121, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001628
- Shosted, Ryan K.; Vakhtang, Chikovani (2006), "Standard Georgian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36 (2): 255–264, doi:10.1017/S0025100306002659
- Thompson, Laurence (1959), "Saigon phonemics", Language 35 (3): 454–476, doi:10.2307/411232, http://jstor.org/stable/411232
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