Presentation[]
- For further information, read the Wikipedia article: Swadesh list
A Swadesh word list, developed by the linguist Swadesh, is used as a tool to study the evolution of languages. It contains a set of basic words which can be found in every language to varying degrees. Various versions have been created, in particular:
- a complete 207 words version, in which some of the words are not found in every environment (it contains for instance snake and snow)
- a reduced 100 words version.
Some versions are more reliable than others in terms of the universality of concurrence between the words' meanings.
This word list should not be considered as an elementary lexicon to communicate with speakers of a given language; for such a purpose, the numerous existing Wikitravel lexicons are more useful. Its only objective is to give a rough idea of the language, by showing its lexical and, when possible, phonetic basis.
List[]
No. | English | Aromanian armãneascã |
---|---|---|
1 | I | mine, io |
2 | you (singular) | tine |
3 | he | nãs |
4 | we | noi |
5 | you (plural) | voi |
6 | they | nãsh |
7 | this | aistu |
8 | that | atsel |
9 | here | atsia, aoa |
10 | there | aclo |
11 | who | cari, cai |
12 | what | tsi |
13 | where | iu |
14 | when | cãndu |
15 | how | cum |
16 | not | nu |
17 | all | tut |
18 | many | multsã |
19 | some | nishti |
20 | few | putsãn |
21 | other | altu |
22 | one | un |
23 | two | doi |
24 | three | trei |
25 | four | patru |
26 | five | tsintsi |
27 | big | mare |
28 | long | lungu |
29 | wide | largu |
30 | thick | gros |
31 | heavy | greu |
32 | small | njic |
33 | short | shcurtu |
34 | narrow | strãmtu |
35 | thin | subtsãre |
36 | woman | muljare |
37 | man (adult male) | bãrbat, mascur |
38 | man (human being) | om |
39 | child | ficiorle |
40 | wife | ãnveastã |
41 | husband | bãrbat |
42 | mother | mamã |
43 | father | tatã |
44 | animal | |
45 | fish | pescu |
46 | bird | |
47 | dog | cãne |
48 | louse | piduclju |
49 | snake | sharpe |
50 | worm | yermu |
51 | tree | arbure |
52 | forest | pãdure |
53 | stick | virdzeao |
54 | fruit | |
55 | seed | simintsã |
56 | leaf | frãndzã |
57 | root | zãrtsinã |
58 | bark (of a tree) | |
59 | flower | floare |
60 | grass | iarbã |
61 | rope | fune |
62 | skin | chiale, coajã |
63 | meat | carne |
64 | blood | sãndze |
65 | bone | os |
66 | fat (noun) | |
67 | egg | ou |
68 | horn | cornu |
69 | tail | coadã |
70 | feather | peanã |
71 | hair | per |
72 | head | cap |
73 | ear | ureaclje |
74 | eye | oclju |
75 | nose | nare |
76 | mouth | gurã |
77 | tooth | dinte |
78 | tongue (organ) | limbã |
79 | fingernail | unglje |
80 | foot | cicior |
81 | leg | cicior |
82 | knee | dzenuclju |
83 | hand | mãnã |
84 | wing | arpã |
85 | belly | buric, foale |
86 | guts | matsã |
87 | neck | |
88 | back | |
89 | breast | cheptu |
90 | heart | inimã |
91 | liver | hicat |
92 | to drink | beau |
93 | to eat | mãc |
94 | to bite | |
95 | to suck | sug |
96 | to spit | ascuchiu |
97 | to vomit | |
98 | to blow | suflu |
99 | to breathe | |
100 | to laugh | arãdu |
101 | to see | ved |
102 | to hear | avdu |
103 | to know | shciu |
104 | to think | minduiescu |
105 | to smell | anjurdzescu |
106 | to fear | |
107 | to sleep | dormu |
108 | to live | |
109 | to die | mor |
110 | to kill | nec, vatãm |
111 | to fight | mi-batu |
112 | to hunt | |
113 | to hit | agudescu |
114 | to cut | talju |
115 | to split | |
116 | to stab | |
117 | to scratch | scarchinu |
118 | to dig | sapu |
119 | to swim | |
120 | to fly | azboairã |
121 | to walk | imnu |
122 | to come | yin |
123 | to lie (as in a bed) | mi-culcu (action), stau cãlcatã (state) |
124 | to sit | shed |
125 | to stand | stau |
126 | to turn (intransitive) | me anvãrtescu |
127 | to fall | cad |
128 | to give | dau |
129 | to hold | tsãn |
130 | to squeeze | stringu |
131 | to rub | frec |
132 | to wash | spel |
133 | to wipe | ashcergu |
134 | to pull | trag |
135 | to push | |
136 | to throw | aruc |
137 | to tie | leg |
138 | to sew | cos |
139 | to count | numir |
140 | to say | spun |
141 | to sing | cãntu |
142 | to play | (mi) gioc |
143 | to float | |
144 | to flow | cur |
145 | to freeze | ãngljets |
146 | to swell | mi umflu |
147 | sun | soare |
148 | moon | lunã |
149 | star | steao |
150 | water | apã |
151 | rain | ploae |
152 | river | arãu |
153 | lake | lac |
154 | sea | amare |
155 | salt | sare |
156 | stone | chiatrã |
157 | sand | |
158 | dust | |
159 | earth | pimintu |
160 | cloud | nor |
161 | fog | |
162 | sky | tser |
163 | wind | vimtu |
164 | snow | |
165 | ice | gljets |
166 | smoke | fum |
167 | fire | foc |
168 | ash | cinushe |
169 | to burn | ardu |
170 | road | cale |
171 | mountain | munte |
172 | red | arosh |
173 | green | vearde |
174 | yellow | galbin |
175 | white | albu |
176 | black | negru |
177 | night | noapte |
178 | day | dzuã |
179 | year | an |
180 | warm | caldu |
181 | cold | aratse, frigã |
182 | full | ãplinu |
183 | new | não |
184 | old | veclju |
185 | good | bun |
186 | bad | arãu |
187 | rotten | |
188 | dirty | murdar |
189 | straight | ãdreptu |
190 | round | gurguljat |
191 | sharp (as a knife) | tãljat |
192 | dull (as a knife) | |
193 | smooth | |
194 | wet | ud |
195 | dry | |
196 | correct | |
197 | near | prochiatã, aproape |
198 | far | diparte |
199 | right | nãndreptu |
200 | left | stãngu |
201 | at | la |
202 | in | ãn, tru |
203 | with | cu |
204 | and | shi |
205 | if | disi |
206 | because | cã |
207 | name | nume |
- Orthography :
When the words have various forms (verbs conjugation, gender and number agreement, declensions), the orthography is the following :
- verbs : first-person singular, present indicative (as there is no infinitive in Aromanian)
- other words : masculine, singular, nominative (subject)
For specific cases, the simplest form is used.
See also[]
- Aromanian