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Characteristics[]

The Center-West Nekturian language is basically the same as Proto-Nekturian, with some simplification in nominal and verbal forms.


Phonology[]

There is almost no difference regarding Proto-Nekturian phonology.

Consonants[]

p t k
b d g
ph th kh
bh dh gh
s sh z zh
m n r l
y w h

Proto-Nekturian kw turns to k, while Proto-Nekturian gw turns to g.

Vowels[]

Vowels are:

a â
e ê
i î
o ô
u û
M N
R L

Proto-Nekturian ö turns to [ə] ("schwa"), while Proto-Nekturian ü turns to u.

Morphology[]

Nouns[]

Ergative and Commitative cases are lost, both being replaced by Ablative. Dual number exists, but is not generally used.

  1. Nominative (subject)
  2. Accusative (direct object)
  3. Dative (indirect object)
  4. Ablative
  5. Genitive (possessive)
  6. Locative
  7. Commitative (company)
  8. Instrumental
  9. Vocative


Masculine Nouns[]

Declension Example: ûnanu "man", "person"
Number Singular Dual Plural
Nominative -u -uz -uddhes
Accusative -o -ozh -oddhos
Dative -uk -eks -egdhes
Ablative -um -enz -undhes
Genitive -ik -ikkes -ikthes
Locative -or -orzh -ordhes
Instrumental -eng -engz -engdhes
Vocative - -uz -udd
Number Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ûnanu ûnanuz ûnanuddhes
Accusative ûnano ûnanozh ûnanoddhos
Dative ûnanuk ûnaneks ûnanegdhes
Ablative ûnanum ûnanenz ûnanundhes
Genitive ûnanik ûnanikkes ûnanikthes
Locative ûnanor ûnanorzh ûnanordhes
Instrumental ûnaneng ûnanengz ûnanengdhes
Vocative ûnan ûnanuz ûnanudd

Feminine Nouns[]

Declension Example: bhenêrêhe "family"
Number Singular Dual Plural
Nominative -e -ez -eddhes
Accusative -ew -ezh -eddhas
Dative -ek -eks -egdhes
Ablative -um -enz -undhes
Genitive -ik -ikkes -ikthes
Locative -or -orzh -ordhes
Instrumental -eng -engz -engdhes
Vocative -a -ez -edd
Number Singular Dual Plural
Nominative bhenêrêhe bhenêrêhez bhenêrêheddhes
Accusative bhenêrêhew bhenêrêhezh bhenêrêheddhas
Dative bhenêrêhek bhenêrêheks bhenêrêhegdhes
Ablative bhenêrêhum bhenêrêhenz bhenêrêhundhes
Genitive bhenêrêhik bhenêrêhikkes bhenêrêhikthes
Locative bhenêrêhor bhenêrêhorzh bhenêrêhordhes
Instrumental bhenêrêheng bhenêrêhengz bhenêrêhengdhes
Vocative bhenêrêha bhenêrêhez bhenêrêhedd

Neuter Nouns[]

Declension Example: dhêteti "city", "town"
Number Singular Dual Plural
Nominative -i -iz -izzes
Accusative -iw -izh -izzis
Dative -uk -iks -izhes
Ablative -um -inz -inzhes
Genitive -ik -ikkes -ikses
Locative -or -orzh -orzes
Instrumental -eng -engz -engzes
Vocative - -uz -udd
Number Singular Dual Plural
Nominative dhêteti dhêtetiz dhêtetizzes
Accusative dhêtetiw dhêtetizh dhêtetizzis
Dative dhêtetuk dhêtetiks dhêtetizhes
Ablative dhêtetum dhêtetinz dhêtetinzhes
Genitive dhêtetik dhêtetikkes dhêtetikses
Locative dhêtetor dhêtetorzh dhêtetorzes
Instrumental dhêteteng dhêtetengz dhêtetengzes
Vocative dhêtet dhêtetuz dhêtetudd

Adjectives[]

Adjectives are declined exactly the same way as nouns. Each adjective inflects for gender, number and case.

There are adjectives with "free" theme and those with theme in -i. E.g., mupph- is a "free" theme adjective, while kLmti- is an adjective with theme in -i. The only difference is that this -i merges with a following i when am ending containing this vowel is added.

Mupphu, mupphe, mupphi "new", "young"[]

Masculine Feminine Neuter
Number Singular Dual Plural
Nominative mupphu mupphuz mupphuddhes
Accusative muppho mupphozh mupphoddhos
Dative mupphuk muppheks mupphegdhes
Ablative mupphum mupphenz mupphundhes
Genitive mupphik mupphikkes mupphikthes
Locative mupphor mupphorzh mupphordhes
Instrumental muppheng mupphengz mupphengdhes
Vocative mupph mupphuz mupphudd
Number Singular Dual Plural
Nominative mupphe mupphez muppheddhes
Accusative mupphew mupphezh muppheddhas
Dative mupphek muppheks mupphegdhes
Ablative mupphum mupphenz mupphundhes
Genitive mupphik mupphikkes mupphikthes
Locative mupphor mupphorzh mupphordhes
Instrumental muppheng mupphengz mupphengdhes
Vocative muppha mupphez mupphedd
Number Singular Dual Plural
Nominative mupphi mupphiz mupphizzes
Accusative mupphiw mupphizh mupphizzis
Dative mupphuk mupphiks mupphizhes
Ablative mupphum mupphinz mupphinzhes
Genitive mupphik mupphikkes mupphikses
Locative mupphor mupphorzh mupphorzes
Instrumental muppheng mupphengz mupphengzes
Vocative mupph mupphuz mupphudd

KLmtiu, kLmtie, kLmti "great"[]

Masculine Feminine Neuter
Number Singular Dual Plural
Nominative kLmtiu kLmtiuz kLmtiuddhes
Accusative kLmtio kLmtiozh kLmtioddhos
Dative kLmtiuk kLmtieks kLmtiegdhes
Ablative kLmtium kLmtienz kLmtiundhes
Genitive kLmtik kLmtikkes kLmtikthes
Locative kLmtior kLmtiorzh kLmtiordhes
Instrumental kLmtieng kLmtiengz kLmtiengdhes
Vocative kLmti kLmtiuz kLmtiudd
Number Singular Dual Plural
Nominative kLmtie kLmtiez kLmtieddhes
Accusative kLmtiew kLmtiezh kLmtieddhas
Dative kLmtiek kLmtieks kLmtiegdhes
Ablative kLmtium kLmtienz kLmtiundhes
Genitive kLmtik kLmtikkes kLmtikthes
Locative kLmtior kLmtiorzh kLmtiordhes
Instrumental kLmtieng kLmtiengz kLmtiengdhes
Vocative kLmtia kLmtiez kLmtiedd
Number Singular Dual Plural
Nominative kLmti kLmtiz kLmtizzes
Accusative kLmtiw kLmtizh kLmtizzis
Dative kLmtiuk kLmtiks kLmtizhes
Ablative kLmtium kLmtinz kLmtinzhes
Genitive kLmtik kLmtikkes kLmtikses
Locative kLmtior kLmtiorzh kLmtiorzes
Instrumental kLmtieng kLmtiengz kLmtiengzes
Vocative kLmti kLmtiuz kLmtiudd

Comparative Form[]

Superiority[]

The suffix -êul- is added to the stem of the adjective, resulting in a new adjective. Ex.:

  • kLmtiu "large", kLmtiêulu "larger"
  • mupphu "new", mupphêulu "newer"
  • punnu "good", punnêulu "better"
Equality[]
Inferiority[]

Superlative[]

The suffix -êdhên- is added to the stem of the adjective, resulting in a new adjective. Ex.:

  • kLmtiu "large", kLmtiêdhênu "the largest"
  • mupphu "new", mupphêdhênu "the newest"
  • punnu "good", punnêdhênu "the best"

Pronouns[]

Pronouns follow the same declension system used for nouns and adjectives, with little differences in some forms.

Personal[]

Although there are dual forms for all pronouns, they were not always used, plural forms being preferred. Dual forms were used mostly when the speaker wanted to emphasize the fact that the elements were exactly two.

Personal pronouns still present forms for the Commitative case.

Person Singular Dual Plural
1st iggos mudduz muddhes
2nd dos phudduz phuddhes
3rd m. egîru egîruz egîruddhes
3rd f. egîre egîrez egîreddhes
3rd n. egîri egîriz egîrizzes

1st and 2nd person pronouns have special forms, while the 3d person pronoun follows the regular noun endings.

1st and 2nd Person Pronuns[]
1st Person 2nd Person
Number Singular Dual Plural
Nominative iggos mudduz muddhes
Accusative niw mizh mizzis
Dative nuk miks izhes
Ablative num minz minzhes
Genitive nik mikkes mikses
Locative nor morzh morzes
Commitative nub(ba) mubbaz mubzas
Instrumental neng mengz mengzes
Vocative - muz mudd
Number Singular Dual Plural
Nominative dos phudduz phuddhes
Accusative diw dizh phizzis
Dative duk diks phizhes
Ablative dum dinz phinzhes
Genitive dik dikkes phikses
Locative dor dorzh phorzes
Commitative dub(ba) dubbaz phubzas
Instrumental deng dengz phengzes
Vocative do duz phudd

Possessive[]

Possessive pronouns are declined like any other adjective.

Person Singular Dual Plural
1st nêmêhu, -e, -i muddu, -e, -i muddhu, -e, -i
2nd diu, die, di phuddu, -e, -i phuddhu, -e, -i
3rd m., f. and n. dhîu, -e, -i zîu, -e, -i uddhîu, -e, -i

Demonstrative[]

  • iddhiu, -e, -i "this" (very near)
  • hizdu, -e, -i "this" (not so near)
  • egîru, -e, -i "that" (far)
  • hu, he, hi "this", "that" and also "the"

These follow the regular nominal declension. The form hu, he, hi is used in expressions like hi dhêteti "the (capital) city", hi pâri "the beautiful (things)" = "beauty", hu bhLdiu "the strong one", hi têsiti "that (what was) said".

Interrogative[]

  • ghîu "what"
  • ghânu "who"
  • goheru "which"
  • gûneng "how"
  • hMtior "where"
  • gohMtuor "when"

Relative[]

  • ghîu "that"
  • ghânu "who"

Indefinite[]

  • hRkonnnu "some", "any"
  • mamêhonnu "no", "none"
  • duttu "all", "every"
  • ghettu "each", "every"

Numbers[]

Cardinal Numbers[]

  • 0 dhâlu
  • 1 honnu, -e, -i
  • 2 tugêdduz, -ez, -iz
  • 3 dLdhes
  • 4 gohedL
  • 5 dhMgu
  • 6 zihêddhes
  • 7 dhâdi
  • 8 uhêdu
  • 9 mûphi
  • 10 tâddhes
  • 11 hontâddhes
  • 12 tuguêtâddhes
  • 13 dLdhetâddhes
  • 14 gohedLtâddhes
  • 15 dhMgutâddhes
  • 16 zihêdtâddhes
  • 17 dhâditâddhes
  • 18 uhêdutâddhes
  • 19 mûphitâddhes
  • 20 phMdi
  • 21 phMdi honnu
  • 30 dlMde
  • 40 gohelMde
  • 50 dhêmgohMde
  • 60 zihêddhMde
  • 70 dhâdMde
  • 80 uhêdMde
  • 90 mûphMde
  • 100 dhânu

Ordinal Numbers[]

Ordinal numbers are regular adjectives.

  • 1 bLnihêlu, -e, -i
  • 2 dhîkMdu, -e, -i
  • 3 dLdhîhêlu, -e, -i
  • 4 gohLdu, -e, -i
  • 5 dhMgMdu, -e, -i
  • 6 zihêddhu, -e, -i
  • 7 dhâdênu, -e, -i
  • 8 uhêdepphu, -e, -i
  • 9 mûphimmu, -e, -i
  • 10 tâddhênu, -e, -i

Conjunctions[]

Coordinating[]

  • ghoye "for"
  • , goy "and"
  • mahN "nor"
  • dhât, nez, bûlN "but"
  • uho "or"
  • ihMted "yet"
  • eddhêna "so"

Correlative[]

  • hNpuz/ez/iz … hi … "both … and … "
  • uho … uho … "either … or … "
  • mahN … mahN … "neither … nor … "
  • mewu … dhat … "not … but … "
  • meddhu … dNpN … "not only … but also … "

Subordinating[]

  • tibuhêd "after"
  • gMdot "although"
  • dhî "if"
  • iddhâd "unless"
  • ghîuk "so that"
  • bLdMd "therefore"
  • hebbîsL "in spite of", "despite"
  • ghoye "because"

Verbs[]

Nekturian verbs present quite a challenge to the memory. However, the fact that there is almost no irregular verb comes to the relief of those learning the language.

In the standard form of the language there are really no irregular verbs. Some irregularities appear only in some local variants of the language.

Concepts[]

Although in theory the verbal system is the same as that of Proto-Nekturian, some forms are rarely used.

The forms that are actually used in the language, called the "living tenses", are the following:

  1. Indicative Present Active
  2. Indicative Perfective Active
  3. Indicative Aorist Active
  4. Indicative Imperfective Active
  5. Indicative Pluperfect Active
  6. Indicative Future Active
  7. Subjunctive Present Active
  8. Subjunctive Perfective Active
  9. Subjunctive Pluperfect Active
  10. Subjunctive Future Active
  11. Conditional Present Active
  12. Conditional Perfective Active
  13. Conditional Future Active
  14. Indicative Present Passive
  15. Indicative Perfective Passive
  16. Indicative Aorist Passive
  17. Indicative Imperfective Passive
  18. Indicative Future Passive
  19. Subjunctive Present Passive
  20. Subjunctive Perfective Passive
  21. Subjunctive Imperfective Passive
  22. Subjunctive Future Passive
  23. Conditional Present Passive

Sample Conjugation: Phêtil "see"[]

Here is the full conjugation of the verb phêt-i-lu "see". For other verbs, just change the root (in this case, phêt-) and the thematic vowel (-i- in this case).

Active Voice[]

Indicative[]
Present[]
Person 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular phêt-i-ø-um phêt-i-ø-ez phêt-i-ø-ka
Dual phêt-i-ø-nuz phêt-i-ø-zey phêt-i-ø-kin
Plural phêt-i-ø-nuddhes phêt-i-ø-dez phêt-i-ø-nga
Present Continuous[]
Person 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular phêt-i-nu-um phêt-i-nu-ez phêt-i-nu-ka
Dual phêt-i-nu-nuz phêt-i-nu-zey phêt-i-nu-kin
Plural phêt-i-nu-nuddhes phêt-i-nu-dez phêt-i-nu-nga
Perfective[]
Person 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular phêt-i-hêwo-um phêt-i-hêwo-ez phêt-i-hêwo-ka
Dual phêt-i-hêwo-nuz phêt-i-hêwo-zey phêt-i-hêwo-kin
Plural phêt-i-hêwo-nuddhes phêt-i-hêwo-dez phêt-i-hêwo-nga
Aorist[]
Person 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular phêt-i-zda-um phêt-i-zda-ez phêt-i-zda-ka
Dual phêt-i-zda-nuz phêt-i-zda-zey phêt-i-zda-kin
Plural phêt-i-zda-nuddhes phêt-i-zda-dez phêt-i-zda-nga
Imperfective[]
Person 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular phêt-i-phe-um phêt-i-phe-ez phêt-i-phe-ka
Dual phêt-i-phe-nuz phêt-i-phe-zey phêt-i-phe-kin
Plural phêt-i-phe-nuddhes phêt-i-phe-dez phêt-i-phe-nga
Pluperfect[]
Person 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular phêt-i-le-um phêt-i-le-ez phêt-i-le-ka
Dual phêt-i-le-nuz phêt-i-le-zey phêt-i-le-kin
Plural phêt-i-le-nuddhes phêt-i-le-dez phêt-i-le-nga
Past Continuous[]
Person 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular phêt-i-hî-um phêt-i-hî-ez phêt-i-hî-ka
Dual phêt-i-hî-nuz phêt-i-hî-zey phêt-i-hî-kin
Plural phêt-i-hî-nuddhes phêt-i-hî-dez phêt-i-hî-nga
Future[]
Person 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular phêt-i-lihê-um phêt-i-lihê-ez phêt-i-lihê-ka
Dual phêt-i-lihê-nuz phêt-i-lihê-zey phêt-i-lihê-kin
Plural phêt-i-lihê-nuddhes phêt-i-lihê-dez phêt-i-lihê-nga
Future Perfect[]
Person 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular phêt-i-lizda-um phêt-i-lizda-ez phêt-i-lizda-ka
Dual phêt-i-lizda-nuz phêt-i-lizda-zey phêt-i-lizda-kin
Plural phêt-i-lizda-nuddhes phêt-i-lizda-dez phêt-i-lizda-nga
Future Continuous[]
Person 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular phêt-i-nulê-um phêt-i-nulê-ez phêt-i-nulê-ka
Dual phêt-i-nulê-nuz phêt-i-nulê-zey phêt-i-nulê-kin
Plural phêt-i-nulê-nuddhes phêt-i-nulê-dez phêt-i-nulê-nga
Subjunctive[]
Present[]
Person 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular phêt-i-â-um phêt-i-â-ez phêt-i-â-ka
Dual phêt-i-â-nuz phêt-i-â-zey phêt-i-â-kin
Plural phêt-i-â-nuddhes phêt-i-â-dez phêt-i-â-nga
Present Continuous[]
Person 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular phêt-i-nâ-um phêt-i-nâ-ez phêt-i-nâ-ka
Dual phêt-i-nâ-nuz phêt-i-nâ-zey phêt-i-nâ-kin
Plural phêt-i-nâ-nuddhes phêt-i-nâ-dez phêt-i-nâ-nga
Perfective[]
Person 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular phêt-i-hâw-um phêt-i-hâw-ez phêt-i-hâw-ka
Dual phêt-i-hâw-nuz phêt-i-hâw-zey phêt-i-hâw-kin
Plural phêt-i-hâw-nuddhes phêt-i-hâw-dez phêt-i-hâw-nga
Aorist[]
Person 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular phêt-i-zdâ-um phêt-i-zdâ-ez phêt-i-zdâ-ka
Dual phêt-i-zdâ-nuz phêt-i-zdâ-zey phêt-i-zdâ-kin
Plural phêt-i-zdâ-nuddhes phêt-i-zdâ-dez phêt-i-zdâ-nga
Imperfective[]
Person 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular phêt-i-phâ-um phêt-i-phâ-ez phêt-i-phâ-ka
Dual phêt-i-phâ-nuz phêt-i-phâ-zey phêt-i-phâ-kin
Plural phêt-i-phâ-nuddhes phêt-i-phâ-dez phêt-i-phâ-nga
Pluperfect[]
Person 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular phêt-i-zâ-um phêt-i-zâ-ez phêt-i-zâ-ka
Dual phêt-i-zâ-nuz phêt-i-zâ-zey phêt-i-zâ-kin
Plural phêt-i-zâ-nuddhes phêt-i-zâ-dez phêt-i-zâ-nga
Past Continuous[]
Person 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular phêt-i-hîyâ-um phêt-i-hîyâ-ez phêt-i-hîyâ-ka
Dual phêt-i-hîyâ-nuz phêt-i-hîyâ-zey phêt-i-hîyâ-kin
Plural phêt-i-hîyâ-nuddhes phêt-i-hîyâ-dez phêt-i-hîyâ-nga
Future[]
Person 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular phêt-i-lâh-um phêt-i-lâh-ez phêt-i-lâh-ka
Dual phêt-i-lâh-nuz phêt-i-lâh-zey phêt-i-lâh-kin
Plural phêt-i-lâh-nuddhes phêt-i-lâh-dez phêt-i-lâh-nga
Future Perfect[]
Person 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular phêt-i-lâzda-um phêt-i-lâzda-ez phêt-i-lâzda-ka
Dual phêt-i-lâzda-nuz phêt-i-lâzda-zey phêt-i-lâzda-kin
Plural phêt-i-lâzda-nuddhes phêt-i-lâzda-dez phêt-i-lâzda-nga
Future Continuous[]
Person 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular phêt-i-nâl-um phêt-i-nâl-ez phêt-i-nâl-ka
Dual phêt-i-nâl-nuz phêt-i-nâl-zey phêt-i-nâl-kin
Plural phêt-i-nâl-nuddhes phêt-i-nâl-dez phêt-i-nâl-nga
Conditional[]
Present[]
Person 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular phêt-i-lah-um phêt-i-lah-ez phêt-i-lah-ka
Dual phêt-i-lah-nuz phêt-i-lah-zey phêt-i-lah-kin
Plural phêt-i-lah-nuddhes phêt-i-lah-dez phêt-i-lah-nga
Present Continuous[]
Person 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular phêt-i-lahnu-um phêt-i-lahnu-ez phêt-i-lahnu-ka
Dual phêt-i-lahnu-nuz phêt-i-lahnu-zey phêt-i-lahnu-kin
Plural phêt-i-lahnu-nuddhes phêt-i-lahnu-dez phêt-i-lahnu-nga
Perfective[]
Person 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular phêt-i-lahêwo-um phêt-i-lahêwo-ez phêt-i-lahêwo-ka
Dual phêt-i-lahêwo-nuz phêt-i-lahêwo-zey phêt-i-lahêwo-kin
Plural phêt-i-lahêwo-nuddhes phêt-i-lahêwo-dez phêt-i-lahêwo-nga
Aorist[]
Person 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular phêt-i-lahda-um phêt-i-lahda-ez phêt-i-lahda-ka
Dual phêt-i-lahda-nuz phêt-i-lahda-zey phêt-i-lahda-kin
Plural phêt-i-lahda-nuddhes phêt-i-lahda-dez phêt-i-lahda-nga
Imperfective[]
Person 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular phêt-i-laphe-um phêt-i-laphe-ez phêt-i-laphe-ka
Dual phêt-i-laphe-nuz phêt-i-laphe-zey phêt-i-laphe-kin
Plural phêt-i-laphe-nuddhes phêt-i-laphe-dez phêt-i-laphe-nga
Pluperfect[]
Person 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular phêt-i-lahle-um phêt-i-lahle-ez phêt-i-lahle-ka
Dual phêt-i-lahle-nuz phêt-i-lahle-zey phêt-i-lahle-kin
Plural phêt-i-lahle-nuddhes phêt-i-lahle-dez phêt-i-lahle-nga
Past Continuous[]
Person 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular phêt-i-lahî-um phêt-i-lahî-ez phêt-i-lahî-ka
Dual phêt-i-lahî-nuz phêt-i-lahî-zey phêt-i-lahî-kin
Plural phêt-i-lahî-nuddhes phêt-i-lahî-dez phêt-i-lahî-nga
Future[]
Person 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular phêt-i-lahê-um phêt-i-lahê-ez phêt-i-lahê-ka
Dual phêt-i-lahê-nuz phêt-i-lahê-zey phêt-i-lahê-kin
Plural phêt-i-lahê-nuddhes phêt-i-lahê-dez phêt-i-lahê-nga
Future Perfect[]
Person 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular phêt-i-lizlah-um phêt-i-lizlah-ez phêt-i-lizlah-ka
Dual phêt-i-lizlah-nuz phêt-i-lizlah-zey phêt-i-lizlah-kin
Plural phêt-i-lizlah-nuddhes phêt-i-lizlah-dez phêt-i-lizlah-nga
Future Continuous[]
Person 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular phêt-i-nulah-um phêt-i-nulah-ez phêt-i-nulah-ka
Dual phêt-i-nulah-nuz phêt-i-nulah-zey phêt-i-nulah-kin
Plural phêt-i-nulah-nuddhes phêt-i-nulah-dez phêt-i-nulah-nga
Participle[]
Present[]
  • phêt-i-Mdiu
Present Continuous[]
  • phêt-i-Mtu
Perfective[]
  • phêt-i-tu
Aorist[]
  • phêt-i-zdu
Imperfective[]
  • phêt-i-ttiu
Pluperfect[]
  • phêt-i-lannu
Past Continuous[]
  • phêt-i-tannu
Future[]
  • phêt-i-dolu
Future Perfect[]
  • phêt-i-lettu
Future Continuous[]
  • phêt-i-lenniu
Imperative[]
Person 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular - phêt-i-e-ez phêt-i-e-ka
Dual phêt-i-e-nuz phêt-i-e-zey phêt-i-e-kin
Plural phêt-i-e-nuddhes phêt-i-e-dez phêt-i-e-nga

Passive Voice[]

Indicative[]
Present[]
Person 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular phêt-i-ø-ên phêt-i-ø-eliz phêt-i-ø-do
Dual phêt-i-ø-nur phêt-i-ø-gey phêt-i-ø-kas
Plural phêt-i-ø-nuddhey phêt-i-ø-day phêt-i-ø-yang
Present Continuous[]
Person 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular phêt-i-nu-ên phêt-i-nu-eliz phêt-i-nu-do
Dual phêt-i-nu-nur phêt-i-nu-gey phêt-i-nu-kas
Plural phêt-i-nu-nuddhey phêt-i-nu-day phêt-i-nu-yang
Perfective[]
Person 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular phêt-i-hêwo-ên phêt-i-hêwo-eliz phêt-i-hêwo-do
Dual phêt-i-hêwo-nur phêt-i-hêwo-gey phêt-i-hêwo-kas
Plural phêt-i-hêwo-nuddhey phêt-i-hêwo-day phêt-i-hêwo-yang
Aorist[]
Person 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular phêt-i-zda-ên phêt-i-zda-eliz phêt-i-zda-do
Dual phêt-i-zda-nur phêt-i-zda-gey phêt-i-zda-kas
Plural phêt-i-zda-nuddhey phêt-i-zda-day phêt-i-zda-yang
Imperfective[]
Person 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular phêt-i-phe-ên phêt-i-phe-eliz phêt-i-phe-do
Dual phêt-i-phe-nur phêt-i-phe-gey phêt-i-phe-kas
Plural phêt-i-phe-nuddhey phêt-i-phe-day phêt-i-phe-yang
Pluperfect[]
Person 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular phêt-i-le-ên phêt-i-le-eliz phêt-i-le-do
Dual phêt-i-le-nur phêt-i-le-gey phêt-i-le-kas
Plural phêt-i-le-nuddhey phêt-i-le-day phêt-i-le-yang
Past Continuous[]
Person 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular phêt-i-hî-ên phêt-i-hî-eliz phêt-i-hî-do
Dual phêt-i-hî-nur phêt-i-hî-gey phêt-i-hî-kas
Plural phêt-i-hî-nuddhey phêt-i-hî-day phêt-i-hî-yang
Future[]
Person 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular phêt-i-lihê-ên phêt-i-lihê-eliz phêt-i-lihê-do
Dual phêt-i-lihê-nur phêt-i-lihê-gey phêt-i-lihê-kas
Plural phêt-i-lihê-nuddhey phêt-i-lihê-day phêt-i-lihê-yang
Future Perfect[]
Person 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular phêt-i-lizda-ên phêt-i-lizda-eliz phêt-i-lizda-do
Dual phêt-i-lizda-nur phêt-i-lizda-gey phêt-i-lizda-kas
Plural phêt-i-lizda-nuddhey phêt-i-lizda-day phêt-i-lizda-yang
Future Continuous[]
Person 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular phêt-i-nulê-ên phêt-i-nulê-eliz phêt-i-nulê-do
Dual phêt-i-nulê-nur phêt-i-nulê-gey phêt-i-nulê-kas
Plural phêt-i-nulê-nuddhey phêt-i-nulê-day phêt-i-nulê-yang
Subjunctive[]
Present[]
Person 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular phêt-i-â-ên phêt-i-â-eliz phêt-i-â-do
Dual phêt-i-â-nur phêt-i-â-gey phêt-i-â-kas
Plural phêt-i-â-nuddhey phêt-i-â-day phêt-i-â-yang
Present Continuous[]
Person 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular phêt-i-nâ-ên phêt-i-nâ-eliz phêt-i-nâ-do
Dual phêt-i-nâ-nur phêt-i-nâ-gey phêt-i-nâ-kas
Plural phêt-i-nâ-nuddhey phêt-i-nâ-day phêt-i-nâ-yang
Perfective[]
Person 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular phêt-i-hâw-ên phêt-i-hâw-eliz phêt-i-hâw-do
Dual phêt-i-hâw-nur phêt-i-hâw-gey phêt-i-hâw-kas
Plural phêt-i-hâw-nuddhey phêt-i-hâw-day phêt-i-hâw-yang
Aorist[]
Person 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular phêt-i-zdâ-ên phêt-i-zdâ-eliz phêt-i-zdâ-do
Dual phêt-i-zdâ-nur phêt-i-zdâ-gey phêt-i-zdâ-kas
Plural phêt-i-zdâ-nuddhey phêt-i-zdâ-day phêt-i-zdâ-yang
Imperfective[]
Person 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular phêt-i-phâ-ên phêt-i-phâ-eliz phêt-i-phâ-do
Dual phêt-i-phâ-nur phêt-i-phâ-gey phêt-i-phâ-kas
Plural phêt-i-phâ-nuddhey phêt-i-phâ-day phêt-i-phâ-yang
Pluperfect[]
Person 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular phêt-i-zâ-ên phêt-i-zâ-eliz phêt-i-zâ-do
Dual phêt-i-zâ-nur phêt-i-zâ-gey phêt-i-zâ-kas
Plural phêt-i-zâ-nuddhey phêt-i-zâ-day phêt-i-zâ-yang
Past Continuous[]
Person 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular phêt-i-hîyâ-ên phêt-i-hîyâ-eliz phêt-i-hîyâ-do
Dual phêt-i-hîyâ-nur phêt-i-hîyâ-gey phêt-i-hîyâ-kas
Plural phêt-i-hîyâ-nuddhey phêt-i-hîyâ-day phêt-i-hîyâ-yang
Future[]
Person 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular phêt-i-lâh-ên phêt-i-lâh-eliz phêt-i-lâh-do
Dual phêt-i-lâh-nur phêt-i-lâh-gey phêt-i-lâh-kas
Plural phêt-i-lâh-nuddhey phêt-i-lâh-day phêt-i-lâh-yang
Future Perfect[]
Person 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular phêt-i-lâzda-ên phêt-i-lâzda-eliz phêt-i-lâzda-do
Dual phêt-i-lâzda-nur phêt-i-lâzda-gey phêt-i-lâzda-kas
Plural phêt-i-lâzda-nuddhey phêt-i-lâzda-day phêt-i-lâzda-yang
Future Continuous[]
Person 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular phêt-i-nâl-ên phêt-i-nâl-eliz phêt-i-nâl-do
Dual phêt-i-nâl-nur phêt-i-nâl-gey phêt-i-nâl-kas
Plural phêt-i-nâl-nuddhey phêt-i-nâl-day phêt-i-nâl-yang
Conditional[]
Present[]
Person 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular phêt-i-lah-ên phêt-i-lah-eliz phêt-i-lah-do
Dual phêt-i-lah-nur phêt-i-lah-gey phêt-i-lah-kas
Plural phêt-i-lah-nuddhey phêt-i-lah-day phêt-i-lah-yang
Present Continuous[]
Person 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular phêt-i-lahnu-ên phêt-i-lahnu-eliz phêt-i-lahnu-do
Dual phêt-i-lahnu-nur phêt-i-lahnu-gey phêt-i-lahnu-kas
Plural phêt-i-lahnu-nuddhey phêt-i-lahnu-day phêt-i-lahnu-yang
Perfective[]
Person 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular phêt-i-lahêwo-ên phêt-i-lahêwo-eliz phêt-i-lahêwo-do
Dual phêt-i-lahêwo-nur phêt-i-lahêwo-gey phêt-i-lahêwo-kas
Plural phêt-i-lahêwo-nuddhey phêt-i-lahêwo-day phêt-i-lahêwo-yang
Aorist[]
Person 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular phêt-i-lahda-ên phêt-i-lahda-eliz phêt-i-lahda-do
Dual phêt-i-lahda-nur phêt-i-lahda-gey phêt-i-lahda-kas
Plural phêt-i-lahda-nuddhey phêt-i-lahda-day phêt-i-lahda-yang
Imperfective[]
Person 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular phêt-i-laphe-ên phêt-i-laphe-eliz phêt-i-laphe-do
Dual phêt-i-laphe-nur phêt-i-laphe-gey phêt-i-laphe-kas
Plural phêt-i-laphe-nuddhey phêt-i-laphe-day phêt-i-laphe-yang
Pluperfect[]
Person 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular phêt-i-lahle-ên phêt-i-lahle-eliz phêt-i-lahle-do
Dual phêt-i-lahle-nur phêt-i-lahle-gey phêt-i-lahle-kas
Plural phêt-i-lahle-nuddhey phêt-i-lahle-day phêt-i-lahle-yang
Past Continuous[]
Person 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular phêt-i-lahî-ên phêt-i-lahî-eliz phêt-i-lahî-do
Dual phêt-i-lahî-nur phêt-i-lahî-gey phêt-i-lahî-kas
Plural phêt-i-lahî-nuddhey phêt-i-lahî-day phêt-i-lahî-yang
Future[]
Person 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular phêt-i-lahê-ên phêt-i-lahê-eliz phêt-i-lahê-do
Dual phêt-i-lahê-nur phêt-i-lahê-gey phêt-i-lahê-kas
Plural phêt-i-lahê-nuddhey phêt-i-lahê-day phêt-i-lahê-yang
Future Perfect[]
Person 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular phêt-i-lizlah-ên phêt-i-lizlah-eliz phêt-i-lizlah-do
Dual phêt-i-lizlah-nur phêt-i-lizlah-gey phêt-i-lizlah-kas
Plural phêt-i-lizlah-nuddhey phêt-i-lizlah-day phêt-i-lizlah-yang
Future Continuous[]
Person 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular phêt-i-nulah-ên phêt-i-nulah-eliz phêt-i-nulah-do
Dual phêt-i-nulah-nur phêt-i-nulah-gey phêt-i-nulah-kas
Plural phêt-i-nulah-nuddhey phêt-i-nulah-day phêt-i-nulah-yang
Participle[]
Present[]
  • phêt-i-yeu
Present Continuous[]
  • phêt-i-Mteyu
Perfective[]
  • phêt-i-teyu
Aorist[]
  • phêt-i-zdeyu
Imperfective[]
  • phêt-i-tteyu
Pluperfect[]
  • phêt-i-layu
Past Continuous[]
  • phêt-i-tayu
Future[]
  • phêt-i-doyu
Future Perfect[]
  • phêt-i-lteyu
Future Continuous[]
  • phêt-i-lneyu
Imperative[]
Person 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular - phêt-i-e-eliz phêt-i-e-do
Dual phêt-i-e-nur phêt-i-e-gey phêt-i-e-kas
Plural phêt-i-e-nuddhey phêt-i-e-day phêt-i-e-yang

Vocabulary[]

  • Swadesh List: Here we give the Swadesh List for Center-West Nekturian.

Sample[]

  • "Duttuddhes ûnanuddhes meddhiyang rêphliuddhes, têkmêtetum hî têlihêdundhes. Egîruddhes diminga lesewew hî gMzêhMzêhew, ghoy tiphinga eshêolu honnu uhodluk izbêlêdubba hLnMtetik."
    • ("All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.")
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