Modern Nerak

<< Back to Conlangs

Phonology

Consonants

p	t	k
b	d	g
x	s	sh	z
m	n	r	l
y	w	h

Vowels

Vowels are:

a

e

i

u

Morphology

Nouns

Dual/paucal number is lost. The cases used are the following:

1. Nominative (subject)
2. Accusative (direct object)
3. Genitive (possessive)
4. Dative (indirect object)
5. Locative/Ablative

Many nouns have an irregular plural stem with the addition of a nasal consonant, as a result from contact with Arishian.

Masculine Nouns

Masculine nominative singular ending -u is generally dropped in speech.

Declension	Example: unnu "man", "person"
Number Singular Plural Nominative -(u) -es Accusative -a -ash Dative -uk -it Locative/Ablative -um -aksh Genitive -ik -is	Number Singular Plural Nominative unn(u) unnes Accusative unna unnash Dative unnuk unnit Locative/Ablative unnum unnaksh Genitive unnik unnis

Feminine Nouns

Declension	Example: penrihe "family"
Number Singular Plural Nominative -e -es Accusative -u -as Dative -ek -et Locative/Ablative -um -uksh Genitive -ik -is	Number Singular Plural Nominative penrihe penrihes Accusative penrihu penrihas Dative penrihek penrihet Locative/Ablative penrihum penrihuksh Genitive penrihik penrihis

Neuter Nouns

Neuter nominative singular ending -i is generally dropped in speech.

Declension	Example: titeti "city", "town"
Number Singular Plural Nominative -(i) -is Accusative -i -if Dative -ik -it Locative/Ablative -um -aksh Genitive -ik -is	Number Singular Plural Nominative titet(i) titetis Accusative titeti titetif Dative titetik titetit Locative/Ablative titetum titetaksh Genitive titetik titetis

Adjectives

Adjectives are declined exactly the same way as nouns. Each adjective inflects for gender, number and case.

Muppu, muppe, muppi "new", "young"

Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Number Singular Plural Nominative mupp(u) muppes Accusative muppa muppash Dative muppuk muppit Locative/Ablative muppum muppaksh Genitive muppik muppis	Number Singular Plural Nominative muppe muppes Accusative muppu muppas Dative muppek muppet Locative/Ablative muppum muppuksh Genitive muppik muppis	Number Singular Plural Nominative mupp(i) muppis Accusative muppi muppif Dative muppik muppit Locative/Ablative muppum muppaksh Genitive muppik muppis

Kuttu, kutte, kutti "great"

Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Number Singular Plural Nominative kutt(u) kuttes Accusative kutta kuttash Dative kuttuk kuttit Locative/Ablative kuttum kuttaksh Genitive kuttik kuttis	Number Singular Plural Nominative kutte kuttes Accusative kuttu kuttas Dative kuttek kuttet Locative/Ablative kuttum kuttuksh Genitive kuttik kuttis	Number Singular Plural Nominative kutt(i) kuttis Accusative kutti kuttif Dative kuttik kuttit Locative/Ablative kuttum kuttaksh Genitive kuttik kuttis

Comparative Form

Superiority

The suffix -iyah- is added to the stem of the adjective, resulting in a new adjective. Ex.:

• kuttu "large", kuttiyahu "larger"
• muppu "new", muppiyahu "newer"
• punnu "good", punniyahu "better"

Superlative

The suffix -ass- is added to the stem of the adjective, resulting in a new adjective. Ex.:

• kuttu "large", kuttassu "the largest"
• muppu "new", muppassu "the newest"
• punnu "good", punnassu "the best"

Pronouns

Personal

Although there are dual forms for all pronouns, plural forms are preferred.

Person	Singular	Plural
1st	ias, iyas	mes
2nd	tat	pus
3rd m.	rax	raxes, res
3rd f.	raxe	raxes, res
3rd n.	rax	raxis, ris

1st and 2nd person pronouns have special forms, while the 3d person pronoun follows the regular noun endings.

1st and 2nd Person Pronuns

1st Person	2nd Person
Number Singular Plural Nominative ias mes Accusative nif mish Dative nuk mit Locative/Ablative nar maksh Genitive nik mis	Number Singular Plural Nominative tat pus Accusative dif pish Dative duk dit Locative/Ablative dar paksh Genitive dik pis

Possessive

Possessive pronouns are declined like any other adjective.

Person	Singular	Plural
1st	nim(u), -e, -i	mutt(u), -e, -i
2nd	diy(u), diye, di	pudd(u), -e, -i
3rd m., f. and n.	tiy(u), -e, -i	uy(u), -e, -i

Demonstrative

• itt(u), -e, -i "this" (very near)
• hizz(u), -e, -i "this" (not so near)
• kir(u), -e, -i "that" (far)

Interrogative

• kiy(u) "what"
• kan(u) "who"
• gar(u) "which"
• gunen "how"
• hutar "where"
• gahur "when"

Relative

• kiy(u) "that"
• kan(u) "who"

Indefinite

• hakan "some", "any"
• mihan "no", "none"
• dutt(u) "all", "every"
• kett(u) "each", "every"

Numbers

Cardinal Numbers

• 0 tal
• 1 han
• 2 tugit
• 3 dates
• 4 gahda
• 5 tugu
• 6 zites
• 7 tadi
• 8 hidu
• 9 mupi
• 10 tates
• 11 hanates
• 12 tuyates
• 13 datates
• 14 gahtates
• 15 tuwates
• 16 zitates
• 17 tadates
• 18 hitates
• 19 mupates
• 20 pudi
• 21 pudi han
• 30 lude
• 40 gahlude
• 50 timgahude
• 60 zitude
• 70 tadude
• 80 uydude
• 90 mupude
• 100 tanu

Ordinal Numbers

Ordinal numbers are regular adjectives.

• 1 banil(u), -e, -i
• 2 tikud(u), -e, -i
• 3 datil(u), -e, -i
• 4 gahad(u), -e, -i
• 5 tugud(u), -e, -i
• 6 zisit(u), -e, -i
• 7 tadin(u), -e, -i
• 8 hidepp(u), -e, -i
• 9 mupimm(u), -e, -i
• 10 tatin(u), -e, -i

Conjunctions

Coordinating

• kaye "for"
• ma "and"
• ha "nor"
• nez, bulu "but"
• uha "or"
• ihut "yet"
• etina "so"

Correlative

• hupuz ... ma ... "both ... and ... "
• uha ... uha ... "either ... or ... "
• ha ... ha ... "neither ... nor ... "
• mu ... bulu ... "not ... but ... "
• metu ... dupu ... "not only ... but also ... "

Subordinating

• tibi "after"
• guda "although"
• ti "if"
• itat "unless"
• kiyuk "so that"
• badut "therefore"
• hebbisa "in spite of", "despite"
• kaye "because"