Near-open front unrounded vowel

Phonetic sound

near-open front unrounded vowel
Symbol (font)	[ɶ#øɜ0;]
Symbol (image)	File:Xsampa-leftcurly.png
IPA–number	325
Entity (decimal)	æ
Unicode (hex)	U+00E6
X-SAMPA	{
Kirshenbaum	&
Sound sample

   IPA vowel chartimage • File:Loudspeaker.svg audio

	Front	Near-​front	Central	Near-​back	Back
Close	File:Blank vowel trapezoid.svg [[[close fɾont unɾounded vowel|i]]] • [[[close fɾont ɾounded vowel|y]]] [[[close centɾal unɾounded vowel|ɨ]]] • [[[close centɾal ɾounded vowel|ʉ]]] [[[close back unɾounded vowel|ɯ]]] • [[[close back ɾounded vowel|u]]] [[[neaɾ-close neaɾ-fɾont unɾounded vowel|ɪ]]] • [[[neaɾ-close neaɾ-fɾont ɾounded vowel|ʏ]]] [[[neaɾ-close centɾal unɾounded vowel|ɪ̈]]] • [[[neaɾ-close centɾal ɾounded vowel|ʊ̈]]]  • [[[neaɾ-close neaɾ-back ɾounded vowel|ʊ]]] [[[close-mid fɾont unɾounded vowel|e]]] • [[[close-mid fɾont ɾounded vowel|ø]]] [[[close-mid centɾal unɾounded vowel|ɘ]]] • [[[close-mid centɾal ɾounded vowel|ɵ]]] [[[close-mid back unɾounded vowel|ɤ]]] • [[[close-mid back ɾounded vowel|o]]] [[[mid-centɾal vowel|ə]]] [[[open-mid fɾont unɾounded vowel|ɛ]]] • [[[open-mid fɾont ɾounded vowel|œ]]] [[[open-mid centɾal unɾounded vowel|ɜ]]] • [[[open-mid centɾal ɾounded vowel|ɞ]]] [[[open-mid back unɾounded vowel|ʌ]]] • [[[open-mid back ɾounded vowel|ɔ]]] [[[neaɾ-open fɾont unɾounded vowel|æ]]] • [[[neaɾ-open centɾal vowel|ɐ]]] [[[open fɾont unɾounded vowel|a]]] • [[[open fɾont ɾounded vowel|ɶ]]] [[[open back unɾounded vowel|ɑ]]] • [[[open back ɾounded vowel|ɒ]]]
Near-close
Close-mid
Mid
Open-mid
Near-open
Open
[ɶnbsp;•ɶ#ɜø;] Where vowels are paired, the one on the left is unrounded and the one on the right rounded.

The near-open front unrounded vowel is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is [æ], and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is {. The IPA symbol is the lowercase ae ligature, and both the symbol and the sound are commonly referred to as "ash".

In practice, [/æ/] is sometimes used to represent an open front unrounded vowel; see the introduction to that page for more information.

Features

• Its vowel height is near-open, which means the tongue is positioned similarly to an open vowel, but slightly more constricted.
• Its vowel backness is front, which means the tongue is positioned as far forward as possible in the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant.
• Its vowel roundedness is unrounded, which means that the lips are not rounded.

Occurrence

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Ahtna		kuggaedi	kʰuk̠æti	'mosquito'
Arabic	Standard	كتاب	kiˈt̪æːb	'book'	Allophone of [/a/] in the environment of plain labial and coronal consonants as well as [/j/]. See Arabic phonology
Azeri		səs	sæs	'sound'
Bengali		এক	æk	'one'
English		cat	kʰæt	'cat'	In some accents it is more open. In others it is closer. The length also varies. See English phonology
Danish		Dansk	d̥ænsɡ̊	'Danish'	See Danish phonology
Finnish		mäki	ˈmæki	'hill'	See Finnish phonology
German	Bernese	standard German drehen	ˈtɾæːjə	'turn'	See Bernese German phonology
Greek	Thessaly, Macedonia, Thrace		[[]]	--	See Modern Greek phonology
Jalapa Mazatec		tsæ	tsǣ	'guava'
Norwegian		lær	læːɾ	'leather'	See Norwegian phonology
Persian		در	dæɾ	'door'	See Persian phonology
Portuguese	Gaúcho	café	kɐˈfæ	'coffee'	Only in Rio Grande do Sul, a Brazilian state. See Portuguese phonology
Russian		пять	pʲætʲ	'five'	Allophone of [/a/] between palatalized consonants. See Russian phonology
Sinhala		කැමති	kæməti	'to will, to like'
Slovak		deväť	ˈɟevæc	'nine'
Swedish		päron	ˈpæˌɾɔn	'pear'	Allophone of [/ɛ/] before [/ɾ/]. See Swedish phonology
Vietnamese		pha	fæ	'phase, stage'	Variety: fa. See Vietnamese phonology
Yaghan		mæpi	mæpi	'reed'

Bibliography

• Holes, Clive (2004), Modern Arabic: Structures, Functions, and Varieties, Georgetown University Press, ISBN 1589010221 
• Jones, Daniel; Dennis, Ward (1969), The Phonetics of Russian, Cambridge University Press 
• Newton, Brian (1972). The Generative Interpretation of Dialect: A Study of Modern Greek Phonology. Cabridge Studies in Linguistics. 8. Cambridge University Press. 

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