This is a Swadesh list of words in English and Sanskrit.
Presentation[]
- For further information, read the Wikipedia article: Swadesh list
A Swadesh word list, developed by the linguist Swadesh, is used as a tool to study the evolution of languages. It contains a set of basic words which can be found in every language to varying degrees. Various versions have been created, in particular:
- a complete 207 words version, in which some of the words are not found in every environment (it contains for instance snake and snow)
- a reduced 100 words version.
Some versions are more reliable than others in terms of the universality of concurrence between the words' meanings.
This word list should not be considered as an elementary lexicon to communicate with speakers of a given language; for such a purpose, the numerous existing Wikitravel lexicons are more useful. Its only objective is to give a rough idea of the language, by showing its lexical and, when possible, phonetic basis.
List[]
No. | English | Sanskrit संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam) |
---|---|---|
1 | I | अहम् (ahám) |
2 | you (singular) | त्वम् (tvám) |
3 | he | स (sá) |
4 | we | वयम् (vayám) |
5 | you (plural) | यूयम् (yūyám) |
6 | they | ते (té) |
7 | this | इदम् (idám) |
8 | that | तत् (tát) |
9 | here | अत्र (átra) |
10 | there | तत्र (tátra) |
11 | who | क (ká) |
12 | what | किम् (kím) |
13 | where | कुत्र (kútra) |
14 | when | कदा (kadā́) |
15 | how | कथम् (kathám) |
16 | not | न (ná) |
17 | all | सर्व (sárva) |
18 | many | बहु (bahú) |
19 | some | किञ्चिद् (kíñcid) |
20 | few | |
21 | other | पर (pára) |
22 | one | एक (éka) |
23 | two | द्वि (dví) |
24 | three | त्रि (trí) |
25 | four | चतुर् (cátur) |
26 | five | पञ्चन् (páñcan) |
27 | big | महत् (mahát) |
28 | long | दीर्घ (dīrghá) |
29 | wide | उरु (urú) |
30 | thick | घन (ghaná) |
31 | heavy | गुरु (gurú) |
32 | small | अल्प (álpa) |
33 | short | ह्रस्व (hrasvá) |
34 | narrow | अंहु (aṃhú) |
35 | thin | तनु (tanú) |
36 | woman | स्त्री (strī́) |
37 | man (adult male) | पुरुष (púruṣa) |
38 | man (human being) | मनुष्य (manuṣyá) |
39 | child | बाल (bā́la), शिशु (śíśu) |
40 | wife | भार्या॑ (bhāryā́) |
41 | husband | पति (páti) |
42 | mother | मातृ (mā́tṛ) |
43 | father | पितृ (pitṛ́) |
44 | animal | पशु (páśu) |
45 | fish | मत्स्य (mátsya) |
46 | bird | वि (ví) |
47 | dog | श्वन् (śván) |
48 | louse | यूका (yūkā) |
49 | snake | सर्प (sarpá) |
50 | worm | कृमि (kṛmi) |
51 | tree | वृक्ष (vrkṣá) |
52 | forest | वन (vána) |
53 | stick | दण्ड (daṇḍá) |
54 | fruit | फल (phála) |
55 | seed | भीज (bī́ja) |
56 | leaf | पत्त्र (páttra) |
57 | root | मूल (mū́la) |
58 | bark (of a tree) | त्वच् (tvác) |
59 | flower | पुष्प (púṣpa) |
60 | grass | तृण (tṛṇa) |
61 | rope | रज्जु (rájju) |
62 | skin | चर्मन् (cárman) |
63 | meat | मांस (māṃsá) |
64 | blood | असृज् (ásṛj) |
65 | bone | अस्थि (ásthi) |
66 | fat (noun) | पीवस् (pī́vas), मेदस् (médas) |
67 | egg | अण्ड (aṇḍa) |
68 | horn | शृङ्ग (ṡṛṅgá) |
69 | tail | पुच्छ (púccha) |
70 | feather | पर्ण (parṇá) |
71 | hair | केश (kéśa) |
72 | head | शिरस् (śíras) |
73 | ear | कर्ण (kárṇa) |
74 | eye | अक्षि (ákṣi) |
75 | nose | नासिक (nā́sika) |
76 | mouth | मुख (múkha) |
77 | tooth | दत्/दन्त (dát/dánta) |
78 | tongue (organ) | जिह्व/जिह्वा (jihvá/jihvā́) |
79 | fingernail | नख (nakhá) |
80 | foot | पद (padá) |
81 | leg | |
82 | knee | जानु (jā́nu) |
83 | hand | हस्त (hásta), पाणि (pāṇí) |
84 | wing | पक्ष (pakṣá) |
85 | belly | उदर (udára) |
86 | guts | गुद (gudá) |
87 | neck | कण्ठ (kaṇṭhá) |
88 | back | पृष्ठ (pṛṣṭhá) |
89 | breast | स्तन (stána) |
90 | heart | हृद् (hṛd), हृदय (hṛdaya) |
91 | liver | यकृत् (yákṛt) |
92 | to drink | पा - पिबति (pā - píbati) |
93 | to eat | अद् - अत्ति (ad - átti) |
94 | to bite | दंश् - दंशति (daṃś - dáṃśati) |
95 | to suck | धे - धयति (dhe - dháyati) |
96 | to spit | ष्ठिव् - ष्ठिवति/ष्ठीव्यति (ṣṭiv - ṣṭívati/ṣṭhī́vyati) |
97 | to vomit | वम् - वमति (vam - vámati) |
98 | to blow | वा - वाति (vā - vā́ti) |
99 | to breathe | अन् - अनिति (an- ániti) |
100 | to laugh | स्मि - स्मयते (smi - smáyate), हस्- हसति (has - hásati) |
101 | to see | पश्- पश्यति (paś - páśyati), दृश् (dṛś, never used in the present) |
102 | to hear | श्रु- शृणोति (śru - śṛṇóti) |
103 | to know | ज्ञा- जानाति (jñā - jānā́ti) |
104 | to think | मन्- मनुते (man - manuté) |
105 | to smell | घ्रा- जिघ्रति (ghrā - jíghrati) |
106 | to fear | भी - बिभेति (bhī - bibhéti) |
107 | to sleep | स्वप्- स्वपिति (svap - svápiti) |
108 | to live | जीव्- जीवति (jīv - jī́vati) |
109 | to die | मृ - म्रियते (mṛ - mriyáte) |
110 | to kill | हन् - हन्ति (han - hánti) |
111 | to fight | युध् - युध्यते (yudh - yúdhyate) |
112 | to hunt | मृग् - मृगयते (mṛga - mṛgáyate) |
113 | to hit | हन् - हन्ति (han - hánti), तड् - ताडयति (taḍ - tāḍáyati) |
114 | to cut | कृत् - कृन्तति (kṛt - kṛntáti) |
115 | to split | भिद्- भिनत्ति (bhid - bhinátti) |
116 | to stab | व्यध्- विधति (vyadh - vídhyati) |
117 | to scratch | लिख् - - लिखति (likh - likháti) |
118 | to dig | खन् - खनति (khan - khánati) |
119 | to swim | प्लु- प्लवते (plu - plávate) |
120 | to fly | पत् - पतति (pat - pátati) |
121 | to walk | इ - एति (i - éti), गम् - गच्छति (gam - gácchati) |
122 | to come | आगम् - आगच्छति (āgam - ā́gacchati) |
123 | to lie (as in a bed) | शी- शेते (śī - śéte) |
124 | to sit | सद् - सीदति (sad - sī́dati) |
125 | to stand | स्था - तिष्ठति (sthā - tíṣṭati) |
126 | to turn (intransitive) | वृत् - वर्तते (vṛt - vártate) |
127 | to fall | पद् - पद्यते (pad - pádyate) |
128 | to give | दा - ददाति (dā - dádāti) |
129 | to hold | धृ - धरति (dhṛ - dhárati) |
130 | to squeeze | मृद् - मृद्नाति (mṛd - mṛdnā́ti) |
131 | to rub | घृष् - घर्षति (ghṛṣ - ghárṣati) |
132 | to wash | क्षल् - क्षालयति (kṣal - kṣā́layati) |
133 | to wipe | मृज् - मार्ष्टि (mṛj - mā́rṣṭi) |
134 | to pull | कृष् - कर्षति (kṛṣ - kárṣati) |
135 | to push | नुद् - नुदति (nud - nudáti) |
136 | to throw | क्षिप् - क्षिपति (kṣip - kṣipáti) |
137 | to tie | बन्ध् - बध्नाति (bandh - badhnā́ti) |
138 | to sew | सिव् - सीव्यति (siv - sī́vyati) |
139 | to count | गण् - गणयति (gaṇ - gáṇayati), कल् - कलते (kal - kálate) |
140 | to say | वच् - वक्ति (vac - vákti) |
141 | to sing | गै- गायति (gāi - gā́yati ) |
142 | to play | दिव् - दीव्यति (div - dī́vyati) |
143 | to float | प्लु - प्लवते (plu - plávate) |
144 | to flow | सृ - सरति (sṛ - sárati), क्षर् - क्षरति (kṣar -kṣárati) |
145 | to freeze | श्यै - शीयते (śyāi - śī́yate) |
146 | to swell | श्वि - श्वयति (śvi - śváyati) |
147 | sun | सूर्य (sū́rya) |
148 | moon | मास (mā́sa) |
149 | star | नक्षत्र (nákshatra), स्तृ (stṛ) |
150 | water | जल (jalá), वारि (vā́ri) |
151 | rain | वर्ष (varṣá) |
152 | river | नदी (nadī́) |
153 | lake | |
154 | sea | उदधि (udadhí) |
155 | salt | लवण (lavaṇá) |
156 | stone | अश्मन् (aśman) |
157 | sand | पांसु (pāṃsú), शिकता (síkatā) |
158 | dust | रेणु (reṇú) |
159 | earth | क्षम् (kṣám), पृथिवी (pṛithivī́) |
160 | cloud | नभस् (nábhas), मेघ (meghá) |
161 | fog | मिह् (míh) |
162 | sky | |
163 | wind | |
164 | snow | |
165 | ice | |
166 | smoke | |
167 | fire | अग्नि (agní) |
168 | ash | आस (ā́sa) |
169 | to burn | दहति (dahati) |
170 | road | |
171 | mountain | |
172 | red | |
173 | green | |
174 | yellow | |
175 | white | |
176 | black | कृष्ण (kṛṣṇá) |
177 | night | |
178 | day | द्यु (dyú), अहर् (áhar) |
179 | year | |
180 | warm | |
181 | cold | शीत (śītá) |
182 | full | पूर्ण (pūrṇá) |
183 | new | |
184 | old | |
185 | good | |
186 | bad | पाप (pāpá) |
187 | rotten | |
188 | dirty | |
189 | straight | |
190 | round | |
191 | sharp (as a knife) | |
192 | dull (as a knife) | |
193 | smooth | |
194 | wet | |
195 | dry | शुष्क (śúṣka) |
196 | correct | |
197 | near | |
198 | far | दूर (dūrá) |
199 | right | |
200 | left | |
201 | at | |
202 | in | |
203 | with | |
204 | and | च (ca) |
205 | if | |
206 | because | हि (hí) |
207 | name | नाम (naam) |
zh:梵語斯瓦迪士核心詞列表